| 1 |
Author(s):
Pamela Pitman Brown, Jason Armstrong.
Country:
United States
Research Area:
Criminology
Page No:
1-16 |
A Theoretical Comparison of Gender Role Strain and Gendered Life Course in Criminology
Abstract
Background: Strain theories have long provided foundational explanations for deviant behavior, emphasizing how social structures create pressures toward nonconformity. Simultaneously, scholarship on the social construction of gender has demonstrated that gender roles, norms, and expectations fundamentally shape individuals' experiences and life trajectories. Despite shared theoretical commitments, two prominent frameworks addressing gender and crime, Gender Role Strain Paradigm and Gendered Life Course Theory have developed along largely separate scholarly tracks. Purpose: This paper compares these theoretical frameworks, examining their foundational assumptions, explanatory mechanisms, and applications to criminological inquiry. Main Comparisons: Both theories reject biological determinism and emphasize gender as socially constructed, yet they have focused on different populations: Gender Role Strain Paradigm predominantly theorizes men's experiences with masculinity and its dysfunctions, while Gendered Life Course Theory, informed by feminist criminology, centers women's pathways to crime shaped by victimization, cumulative disadvantage, and differential social control. Key Findings: This analysis demonstrates that these frameworks are fundamentally complementary. Together, they provide a more comprehensive gendered lens for understanding criminal behavior than offers independently. Implications: The authors call for theoretical integration that incorporates mechanisms from both traditions and advocate for gender-responsive policies and practices informed by understanding of distinct gendered pathways to crime. Directions for future empirical and theoretical research are proposed.
| 2 |
Author(s):
Biswo Ranjan Jena.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Library and information Science
Page No:
17-29 |
Advancing Sustainable Development through Public Libraries: An Indian Knowledge System Approach
Abstract
This research aims to explore how public libraries across India contribute to sustaining development through the Integration of the Indian Knowledge System (IKS) into the services, activities and community engagement of their members. The focus of this research is on understanding how successfully libraries have been in providing sustainable education, and raising environmental, cultural and heritage awareness and preservation through supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The research used a qualitative methodology to examine library and policy records of libraries across India, and other literature pertinent to IKS and libraries. The results of the data collected indicate that many libraries throughout India have initiated programs that are focused on the preservation of cultural traditions, traditional crafts, the awareness of cultural and historical heritage, and, more specifically, environmental education utilizing locally Indigenous knowledge. These initiatives are important because they provide a mechanism for communities to reconnect with their heritage and develop the skills and understanding necessary for a more sustainable lifestyle. The strength of the connection made between traditional wisdom and modern-day needs of the community, through IKS by libraries, creates a system of Local Indigenous Knowledge that facilitates the learning journey for communities, Cultural Awareness and Environmental Responsibility.Keywords: Public Libraries, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Indian Knowledge System (IKS).
| 3 |
Author(s):
Dr. Satinder Dhillon.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
30-37 |
Study of Leadership Styles of Principals of Secondary Schools
Abstract
The present research paper investigates the leadership styles of principals of secondary schools. School Principal plays a pivotal role in enhancing instructional quality, improving student outcomes, and achieving overall school effectiveness. The leadership style exercised by school principals occupies a central position, particularly in secondary schools where academic demands and organizational complexity are comparatively higher. A descriptive survey design was employed, with data collected from 10 principals using Sinha’s Leadership Style Scale (1983). Statistical techniques including mean, standard deviation and t-test were applied to test the hypotheses. Results revealed no significant difference in leadership styles of male and female principals. The study highlights the critical role of leadership style in shaping school climate and teacher engagement. Recommendations emphasize the need for adopting democratic and participative leadership approaches to strengthen teacher’s motivation, professional satisfaction, and overall school performance.
| 4 |
Author(s):
Dr. Krishna Roy.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
38-47 |
Democratic Politics and Governance in India
Abstract
Democratic politics is a system where power rests with the people, who participate directly or through elected representatives, emphasizing equality, justice, accountability, and rule of law, contrasting with centralized power in authoritarian regimes. Key aspects include free and fair elections, constitutional limits on government, protection of minority rights, power-sharing, and public engagement in decision-making, all designed to ensure governance within defined limits and uphold citizen rights. It upholds citizens rights, rule of law, sovereignty of the people, accountability and power sharing. Democratic politics involves continuous negotiation, conflict, and cooperation over interests, ideas, and resources, as seen in debates over issues like representation, language, or economic policy. It's a dynamic process where citizens and leaders work to shape society within a framework that aims for stability, justice, and inclusive governance. The nature of polity and the role of civil society plays a vital role in reshaping democratic politics and governance. Governance is the system of processes, rules, and structures for making and implementing decisions, involving government, civil society, and the private sector to manage public affairs, ensuring accountability, transparency, and effectiveness in achieving societal goals, going beyond just the formal government to include interactions and networks. It's about steering society, defining acceptable conduct, and wielding authority through agreed-upon norms, values, and laws for collective well-being and resource management. Governance determines a society's capacity to deliver services, manage resources, ensure stability, and promote sustainable development, directly impacting citizen welfare and public trust. Accountability, transparency, rule of law, participation, responsiveness, equity and inclusiveness is the buzz words of governance.
| 5 |
Author(s):
Suryansh Shubham, Niraj Sharma.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Law
Page No:
48-59 |
Death Penalty in India: Legal Framework and Contemporary Debates
Abstract
This paper will investigate the legal framework surrounding the death sentence in India, tracing this framework back through the ‘Indian Penal Code of 1860’ and on to the recently passed ‘Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita of 2023’ and ‘‘BharatiyaNagrik Suraksha Sanhita(BNSS),2023’ of 2023’. This paper will investigate the validity of the death sentence in a constitutional framework through landmark Supreme Court decisions and provisions of the Indian Constitution. This paper will also illustrate the widening scope of offense liable to the death sentence in the new code with respect to gang rape, mob lynching, and organized crime. This paper will explore the procedural aspects of a death sentence and related appeals and clemency provisions. This paper will hopefully provide insight into a developing country like India with respect to the efficacy and moral justification of the death sentence in light of current international human rights provisions and a rapidly changing legal environment surrounding the death sentence in India.
| 6 |
Author(s):
Abhishek Bhattacharjee.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Fine Arts
Page No:
60-65 |
Use of 3D Modeling in 3D Animation Films; Techniques, Application, Challenges and Future Directions
Abstract
Rapid development in computer graphics has completely altered the animation film production scenario, with 3D modeling being an integral part of it. Right from experimental computer graphics animation films to full-feature animation films, 3D modeling has had an impact on animation films regarding visual authenticity, realism, and efficiency of production. It has been seen that 3D animation films rely heavily on 3D modeling for character or environment creation and authenticity in films. However, it has not been covered comprehensively anywhere that 3D animation films can be completely understood not only by its theoretical aspects but also by its history, inclusion in production pipeline, authenticity, challenges, and future potential of 3D modeling in animation films. In this research paper, an effort has been put forward for understanding the importance of 3D modeling in 3D animation films in terms of theoretical aspects, history, and inclusion in production pipeline, authenticity, challenges, and future potential of 3D modeling in animation films. At last, real-time rendering, AI, procedural modeling, etc., will be discussed for its future potential in animation films.
| 7 |
Author(s):
Soma Das.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
66-73 |
Cricket and the Rise of Nationalism in Colonial Bengal: A Study in the Context of Saradaranjan Roy
Abstract
Cricket was one of the new sports cultures that emerged in Bengal as an integral part of the neo-colonial cultural framework in the second half of the nineteenth century during the colonial period. In its initial phase, cricket was confined exclusively to European gentlemen. Gradually, however, with the patronage of several Bengali elites and royal families, the game began to gain popularity among the local population. Saradaranjan Roy played a pivotal role in the development of cricket in Bengal. Through his initiatives, cricket culture flourished in various colleges and clubs. He was deeply committed to forming local teams and promoting the game through indigenous efforts.This research article aims to historically evaluate the contribution of Saradaranjan Roy to the spread and development of cricket in colonial Bengal. It also seeks to examine the role he played in linking cricket with the broader nationalist movement of the period.
| 8 |
Author(s):
Dr. Sumi Haldar, Prof. (Dr.) Madhu Sharan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Home Science
Page No:
74-85 |
Empowering hands and Weaving the dreams of Viksit Bharat 2047 – “The Lotus yarn Initiative”
Abstract
Innovative natural material plays an essential role in the handicraft sector. Mostly all the Indian traditional textiles consist of natural fibre which has its own essence and value. Till date, artisans love to continue practicing and refining their indigenous techniques. With the increasing population and demand, technological advancement in natural fiber manufacturing is a major concern. Moving towards the contribution in fulfilling the dreams of “Viksit Bharat 2047” the present study throws light on experimenting the precious fibre hidden in wetlands. The study focuses on indigenous spinning systems, technological advancement for manufacturing of Lotus fibre, testing, lab to land approach by training the women for extraction and spinning, implementing Lotus yarn in developing Khadi and handloom fabrics and exhibiting them in various platforms.
Results revealed that it was possible to develop 100 % Lotus hand spun yarn of 28’s and 50’s that was used to develop Khadi fabrics. Considering the mass production and technological aspect, the approach for design and fabrication of apparatus was possible and feasible in developing 60’s Lotus yarn which was used in developing hand woven stoles using Bhujodi weaving of Kutch. Training of women was successfully conducted and helped them to manage some of their financial crisis. Exhibition of the fabrics has remarkably attracted the fashion designers, handloom artisan weavers, startup agencies and array of yarn, dyeing and fabric manufacturing industries. Lotus fiber being natural material and manufacturing itself is a craft and require lot of skill and patience. Hence the entire value chain of Lotus petiole – fiber - yarn – fabric will be a novel future fiber in the field of textiles that will contribute to the pillars of “Viksit Bharat -2047”.
| 9 |
Author(s):
Dr. Vikrantkumar Dasani, Dr. Shruti Bhonsle.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
86-97 |
Student Political Participation in Gujarat: A Comparative Study of Campus Political Organisations
Abstract
Student political participation has historically played a crucial role in shaping democratic values and political leadership in India. This study examines the nature and extent of student political participation in Gujarat, with specific reference to the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) and the National Students’ Union of India (NSUI). Adopting a quantitative, descriptive research design, primary data were collected from 80 student members from Ahmedabad and Vadodara using a semi-structured interview schedule. The study analyses respondents’ socio-economic and political profiles, motivations for political involvement, on-campus and off-campus participation, ideological views on religion, caste-based reservation, and economic liberalisation, and the perceived impact of political engagement on education and personal life. The findings reveal that campus politics predominantly attracts urban, male students from middle-income backgrounds and serves as an important site of political socialisation and leadership development. However, academic distraction, financial burden, and social risks also emerge as significant challenges. The study underscores the need for inclusive and regulated campus political practices to strengthen democratic engagement in higher education. Keywords: Student Politics, Political Participation, Impact, ABVP, NSUI.
| 10 |
Author(s):
Richard Wekesa Wafula.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
98-105 |
Teachers’ Conceptions of Innovation-Driven Pedagogical Practices in 21st-Century Classrooms in Competency-Based Education, Kenya
Abstract
The global transformation of education, driven by globalization, digitalization, and evolving labour market demands, has intensified the integration of innovation-driven pedagogical approaches within Competency-Based Education (CBE). Kenya’s transition to CBE positions teachers as central agents of pedagogical innovation; however, their conceptions significantly influence implementation outcomes. This study qualitatively explores teachers’ conceptions of innovation-driven pedagogical practices in 21st-century classrooms within the Kenyan CBE context. Adopting an interpretive phenomenological design, the study employs thematic analysis of policy documents, peer-reviewed literature, and international education frameworks. Findings indicate that teachers conceptualise innovation in terms of learner empowerment, curriculum responsiveness, and professional transformation. However, innovation is also perceived as constrained by institutional, capacity-related, and systemic challenges. Overall, teachers’ experiences, contextual realities, and beliefs shape the enactment of educational innovation in CBE classrooms. The study recommends strengthened institutional support, policy coherence, and sustained professional development to enhance effective CBE implementation.
Keywords: Competency-Based Education, pedagogical innovation, teachers’ conceptions, phenomenology, Kenya
| 11 |
Author(s):
Debashis Halder.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
106-116 |
Digital Literacy towards Women Empowerment in India: Opportunities and Barriers
Abstract
Advanced technology has had both positive and harmful effects on civilization. We commonly refer to this as "digital literacy," and women's involvement is crucial in disseminating positive information to the wider population. Digital literacy is crucial for empowering women in today's technologically advanced culture since it opens doors to employment, education, social inclusion, and financial independence. This study explains how digital literacy empowers women by presenting evidence from earlier research. Particularly in developing nations like India, where women's access to the internet is restricted and their capacity to use technology is impeded by financial limitations, social conventions, and a lack of digital training, there is a significant digital gender gap. The report highlights that more chances for women's empowerment, more funding for digital education, more internet infrastructure, and more robust legislative protections are all necessary for sustainable digital literacy. In order to create a digitally inclusive society that empowers women to prosper in the global digital economy, the study encompasses the business and governmental sectors as well as community organizations. The study discussed the concepts of women's empowerment and digital literacy. The correlation between women's empowerment and digital literacy is very deep, with important observations about opportunities and barriers emerging. The role of digital literacy in empowering women in India is particularly significant. This topic is very relevant at the present time. This study is significant as an important document in further progress and further research on women's empowerment.
| 12 |
Author(s):
Mr. Amardeep, Santosh Kumar.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
117-122 |
India–Russia Relations after the Ukraine War: Continuity and Change
Abstract
The full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia in February 2022 has significantly reshaped global geopolitics, compelling states to reassess their foreign policy strategies. India, historically a close partner of Russia, has adopted a neutral and pragmatic stance, balancing its long-standing bilateral ties with Moscow against growing engagement with Western powers. This paper examines the continuity and change in India–Russia relations post-Ukraine war, analyzing historical ties, energy and defense imperatives, geopolitical calculations, and India’s approach in multilateral forums. Additionally, it explores Ukraine war impact indicators, domestic economic and political considerations, and India’s strategic autonomy in a multipolar context. Using descriptive analysis of secondary data from government reports, think-tank publications, and international media, the study highlights India’s calibrated, interest-driven foreign policy. The findings reveal that India’s nuanced approach combines historical loyalty, pragmatic energy and defense strategies, and proactive diplomacy to maintain stability, promote economic security, and safeguard national interests in an evolving global order.
| 13 |
Author(s):
Milkah Wanjiru Wambui, Peter Chege.
Country:
Kenya
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
123-132 |
Dietary Practices and Nutritional Status among Adult Tuberculosis Patients in Kirinyaga County, Kenya
Abstract
Background: Undernutrition remains a major challenge among adults with tuberculosis (TB), particularly in low- and middle-income countries where food insecurity and suboptimal dietary practices are common. Poor nutritional status may compromise immunity, tolerance to treatment, and recovery. This study assessed dietary practices and nutritional status among adult TB patients in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in public health facilities with functional TB clinics across all five sub-counties of Kirinyaga County. A total of 246 adult TB patients aged 18 to 70 years were enrolled. Data were collected using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires and complemented by focus group discussions and key informant interviews. Dietary practices were assessed using meal frequency, dietary diversity scores, and a 24-hour dietary recall. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI). Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and qualitative data were analyzed thematically.
Results: Participants were predominantly male (60.6%) and aged 35 to 44 years (30.9%). More than half reported consuming three or more meals per day (55.3%); however, dietary diversity was largely low to medium, with 40.2% consuming three or fewer food groups. Majority (59.8%) reported skipping meals due to lack of food. About 45.5% were underweight based on BMI classification.
Conclusion: Undernutrition, limited dietary diversity are prevalent among adult TB patients in Kirinyaga County. Integrating routine nutritional assessment, strengthened nutrition counselling, and targeted food support within TB care services may improve nutritional outcomes and support recovery.Keywords: dietary practices; nutritional status; tuberculosis; Kenya
| 14 |
Author(s):
Sanjaya Suna, Nirmal Kumar Gadgil.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
133-142 |
Ashoka’s Dhamma as Ethical Statecraft: Political Authority, Moral Governance, and Contemporary Relevance
Abstract
The study critically examines the legacy of Emperor Ashoka and retrospectively explores the political and philosophical underpinning of Dhamma policy spread by Ashoka. Ashoka and his life demonstrate the one of the most nuance transformative ruler of ancient Indian has been pioneered a renowned model of governance that blended moral philosophy with statecraft’s. So far as Ashoka Dhamma are concerned it’s not just a religious doctrine but a detailed outlet of ethical principal for aiming to promote the social harmony, tolerance, non-violence and welfare of common mass. This paper examines how his policies sought to established moral order transcending sectarian boundaries through the analysis of his inscription, rock edicts, historical interpretation’s and simultaneously addressing the political stability in his imperial unity. Article further engaged the retrospections of Ashoka Dhamma in contemporary context, and its relevance in modern governance to be highlighting the intercultural dialogue and diplomacy and peace-building approach. Through inclosing Dhamma as a pragmatic tool of administrative and visionary ethical paradigm efforts and to underscore Ashoka’s enduring influence political philosophy and cultural diplomacy across the Asian continent. Finally, studies contribute the debates of ethics, governance and universal values in historical and modern perspectives.
| 15 |
Author(s):
Shristi Singh, Ravi Kant.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Psychology
Page No:
143-157 |
The Pull of Social Media Platforms on Student Cognition
Abstract
At the present time, the students use social-media sites every day. It has altered their way of life considerably and altered the way they use information. The aim of this paper is to study cognitive absorption in students in social media which can be defined as the state of being in the connection and not just the mobile application. Using flow theory and cognitive absorption, this project looks at how immersive experiences are designed and how they capture and maintain student attention using platform design features, algorithmic curation and reward systems. The results revealed a nuanced connection among platform affordances, cognitive processes, and student wellness. It is important to understand how connection transforms into captivation in order to design interventions for healthier digital behaviours. Enhancing pedagogies of digital literacy education; implementing self-regulation strategies; redesigning platform features that are more supportive than exploitative of attention mechanisms. This study adds to ongoing discussions that center upon the cognitive effects caused due to social media. Moreover, it also makes a case for the need for the collaboration of schools, the government and social media companies.
| 16 |
Author(s):
Jaysagar Wary, Nishan Al Hasan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
158-165 |
Panbari Mosque: A Symbol of Early Islamic Heritage and Architectural Tradition in Assam
Abstract
Islam, meaning submission and obedience to Allah, is a comprehensive way of life that guides human beings in spiritual, moral, social, economic and cultural spheres. It emphasizes peace, equality, compassion, and justice, rejecting violence and social discrimination. Central to Islamic religious life is the mosque (Masjid), regarded as the House of Allah, where Muslims gather for daily prayers, communal worship, and social interaction. From the simple structure of the Prophet Muhammad’s house at Madina, mosque architecture gradually evolved, reflecting regional styles while maintaining spiritual purpose and discipline. In Assam, Islam spread mainly in the western region of Kamrup, leaving behind significant architectural and cultural heritage. The Panbari Masjid, also known as Rangamati Masjid, is believed to be the oldest mosque in Assam and stands as an important symbol of early Islamic presence in the region. The study highlights the religious, social, and architectural significance of Islam and mosques in Assam, emphasizing the need for preservation and cultural awareness.
| 17 |
Author(s):
Not available.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Geography
Page No:
166-181 |
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors.
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors.
| 18 |
Author(s):
Abhimanyu Singh Thakur, Chandra kala, Parmeet Kaur.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
182-187 |
Women’s Empowerment Through the Lens of Pierre Bourdieu: Capital, Habitus and Field
Abstract
This paper explores empowerment through the theoretical lens of Pierre Bourdieu’s key concepts of capital, habitus and field. By using existing literature, it examines how access to different forms of capital addressed by the Bourdieu such as social, economic, cultural and symbolic affects women agency in the field of education, family and governance and generally in society. Women empowerment is an important subject matter in sociology and in development studies as it shows ongoing efforts to achieve equality in genders and social justice. By applying Bourdieu key concepts, the paper highlights holistic framework to understand women empowerment as a process that is shaped by intersecting capitals and structural inequalities. Furthermore, it also looks deep into the sociological concept of gender transformation how women navigate, resist and reconfigure dominant power relations. Overall, by linking Bourdieu’s theoretical framework to study empowerment, this paper also contributes to a sociological understanding of gender transformation.
| 19 |
Author(s):
RAKESH KUMAR.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Defence Studies
Page No:
188-194 |
The Indo-Pacific through a Eurasian Lens: Implications of the Russia–Ukraine War for India’s Indo-Pacific Strategy
Abstract
India's "Indo-Pacfic Strategy" is currently being affected significantly by the geo-political dynamics of the global community as a result of the ongoing conflict in Eurasia (Russia- Ukraine), as well as how that conflict relates to those geo-politically dynamic of the Indo-Pacific. This research examines how the ongoing Russia-Ukraine conflict will affect the "Indo-Pacific Strategy" of India. At present, this strategy involves promoting a free, open, and inclusive region at a time when China's foreign policy is becoming increasingly assertive. The effects of the conflict on India's "Indo-Pacific Strategy" will be assessed in relation to India's longstanding relationship with Russia; in addition to how India can continue to develop its relations with Western allies, while also continuing to confront cooperation between Russia and China. It was determined that the conflict has accelerated India's pursuit of a multi-alignment approach, enhanced India's strategic autonomy; however, the conflict has also revealed weaknesses in India's dependence upon foreign defense suppliers and its regional security. Through developing alternative economic relationships, as well as participating in multilateral organizations, India can mitigate spillover from the conflict in Eurasia into the conflict in the Indo-Pacific. Furthermore, India can support a multipolar international system. However, there remain additional challenges such as potential sanctions against Russia, as well as ongoing tensions between India and China along their borders which may require India to develop flexible responses. This research illustrates the interconnectedness of the Eurasian and Indo-Pacific theater systems and provides insights into how decision-makers can create a stable foreign policy in a world where fragmentation continues to occur.
| 20 |
Author(s):
Tsangpa Dorjee, Tsering Yangki.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
195-207 |
Traditional marriage institution and practices among The Monpa society of Arunachal Pradesh
Abstract
The traditional marriage system of the Monpa community of Arunachal Pradesh represents a significant socio- cultural institution that governs kinship relations, social organisation, and cultural continuity. This study aims to critically examine the structural patterns, customary laws, and rituals practice associated with the Monpa marriage system. Using a qualitative research approach, data were collected from both primary and secondary sources such as personal interview, studies, historical records and scholarly articles. The study analyses various types of marriage, formalities of obtaining a bride and role of mediator. The research further identifies the impact of modernization, changes on traditional marriage practices. Despite this transformation, the Monpa marriage system continues to adapt while preserving its core cultural principles. The study emphasizes the importance of documenting indigenous marital tradition to ensure cultural sustainability and contribute to the broader discourse on tribal social institutions in the northeast.
Keywords: Monpa community, traditional marriage system, tribal culture, social institutions, cultural continuity.
| 21 |
Author(s):
Nidhi Bagaria, Kanchan Chauhan.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
208-218 |
Agricultural Sustainability in Haryana: Evidence from Yield Growth, Fertilizer Use, and Input Efficiency
Abstract
This study analyzes agricultural sustainability in Haryana from 1966–67 to 2022-23 using secondary data, focusing on productivity, input use, and structural characteristics. The findings reveal a strong sustainability paradox in which wheat and rice yields increased nearly 3.27 times, while chemical fertilizer consumption rose more than 100-fold, indicating a substantial decline in Fertilizer Use Efficiency and the presence of diminishing marginal returns. Agricultural growth In Haryana has been associated with severe NPK imbalance, soil degradation, and groundwater depletion. Land fragmentation remains acute, with marginal and small farmers dominating holdings and an average operational size of 0.76 hac, leading to subsistence-driven intensification and high dependence on chemical inputs. The results indicate that Haryana’s production-oriented agricultural model is ecologically fragile and requires a transition toward resource-efficient and land-size-sensitive strategies.
| 22 |
Author(s):
Dr.Amit Ranjan Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
219-224 |
भारतीय समाजवादी आंदोलन और गांधी : एक समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन
Abstract
भारतीय समाजवादी आंदोलन और गांधी : एक समीक्षात्मक अध्ययन
डॉ. अमित रंजन सिंह
विभागाध्यक्ष सह सहायक प्राध्यापक (Sr. Scale)
विश्वविद्यालय गांधी विचार विभाग
तिलका मांझी भागलपुर विश्वविद्यालय, भागलपुर, बिहार-07 शोध सारांश :-
यह शोध पत्र आधुनिक भारतीय राजनीतिक चिन्तन के ऐतिहासिक विकास के संदर्भ में महात्मा गांधी और भारतीय समाजवादी आंदोलन के वैचारिक अंतर्संबंधों का विश्लेषण करता है। आधुनिक भारतीय राजनीतिक विचार का उदय औपनिवेशिक दासता, सभ्यतागत संकट और पश्चिमी आधुनिकता की चुनौती की पृष्ठभूमि में हुआ, जिसमें राष्ट्रवाद, मानव एकता और नैतिक पुनर्निर्माण प्रमुख विषय बने। इस परंपरा में गांधी एक निर्णायक विचारक के रूप में उभरते हैं, जिन्होंने सत्य, अहिंसा और कष्ट-सहन को केवल नैतिक आदर्श न मानकर सामाजिक, आर्थिक और राजनीतिक परिवर्तन के प्रभावी साधन के रूप में प्रस्तुत किया। शोध में स्पष्ट किया गया है कि गांधी का राजनीतिक दर्शन पारंपरिक सत्ता-केंद्रित राज्य की आलोचना करता है और विकेंद्रीकरण, ग्राम स्वराज तथा सर्वोदय के माध्यम से व्यक्ति और समाज दोनों के नैतिक उत्थान पर बल देता है। उनके अनुसार साधन और साध्य के बीच अटूट संबंध है, तथा हिंसक साधनों से न्यायपूर्ण समाज की स्थापना संभव नहीं। यही दृष्टि भारतीय समाजवादी आंदोलन को एक विशिष्ट नैतिक आधार प्रदान करती है। भारतीय समाजवादी आंदोलन का विकास मुख्यतः बीसवीं शताब्दी में हुआ, जिस पर मार्क्सवाद और गांधीवाद—दोनों का प्रभाव पड़ा। आचार्य नरेंद्र देव, जयप्रकाश नारायण और राममनोहर लोहिया जैसे समाजवादी नेताओं ने वर्ग-संघर्ष के अवधारणा की भारतीय सामाजिक यथार्थ, विशेषतः ग्रामीण शोषण और जाति-व्यवस्था आदि के संदर्भ में पुनर्व्याख्या की । इस आंदोलन ने राजनीतिक स्वतंत्रता के साथ-साथ आर्थिक समानता, सामाजिक न्याय और लोकतांत्रिक मूल्यों की स्थापना का लक्ष्य रखा। शोध निष्कर्षतः यह प्रतिपादित करता है कि भारतीय समाजवादी आंदोलन केवल पश्चिमी समाजवाद की नकल नहीं था, बल्कि गांधीवादी नैतिकता, अहिंसा और विकेंद्रीकरण से प्रेरित एक स्वदेशी समाजवादी चेतना का विकास था, जिसने भारतीय स्वतंत्रता संग्राम और उत्तर-औपनिवेशिक राजनीतिक चिंतन को गहराई से प्रभावित किया।
| 23 |
Author(s):
Yangji Tamang.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Political Science
Page No:
225-233 |
Primary Healthcare Delivery at the Grassroots Level: A Study on the Frontline Workers in the Darjeeling District of West Bengal
Abstract
Primary healthcare delivery at the grassroots level is fundamental to achieving equitable health outcomes, particularly in geographically challenging regions. This study examines the role of frontline health workers, Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), in delivering primary healthcare services in the Darjeeling district of West Bengal. The study explores how decentralized health policies are implemented at the sub-center level and how frontline workers navigate everyday constraints in service delivery. Employing a mixed-methods approach, quantitative data from frontline workers are combined with qualitative interviews to capture service coverage, coordination practices, workload, incentive structures, and operational challenges. The findings suggest that decentralization has enhanced community outreach and service accessibility; however, persistent issues, including infrastructure gaps, delayed incentives, role overload, and limited institutional support, continue to affect the effectiveness of service delivery. Frontline workers often rely on adaptive practices to sustain service provision under these constraints. The study contributes to the health systems and primary healthcare literature by providing micro-level evidence from a hilly and under-researched region. It highlights the need for context-sensitive interventions that strengthen frontline support mechanisms to improve primary healthcare outcomes.
| 24 |
Author(s):
Dr. Swagatika Panda.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
234-242 |
Role of Banking Sector in Sustainable Development Through Green Banking in India
Abstract
The banking sector in India has a positive influence on the country’s socio-economic progress and development. As India targets to achieve net zero by 2070, banking sector players have an important role to play in leading the financial services ecosystem towards sustainability. A strong focus on sustainability will quite likely make the banking sector in India a key driver of low-carbon investments and community development projects. The country’s ecological imbalances are the result of increasingly drastic conditions brought about by the new global economy. The necessity for more sustainable ecological balance has been acknowledged by the evolving society in order to provide a better environment for future generations to live in. Keeping this in view, the business are also focusing on environmental sustainability and striving for eco-friendly production methods and techniques. The banking sector, which plays a crucial role in the Indian economy by offering services to both individuals and businesses, is also making significant efforts to transform its operations in order to embrace environmentally sustainable practices. This includes implementing green banking strategies and opening the door for green finance. The objective of green banking is to reduce carbon footprints in its operations by promoting digital transactions and implementing eco-friendly financial practices. Therefore, environmental concerns, which are becoming more and more important, are the main reason why banks are adopting green banking strategies in order to support the green economy.
Key Words: Green Banking, Sustainable Development, Eco-friendly, Green Finance
| 25 |
Author(s):
Afzal, Anurag Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Law
Page No:
243-253 |
Cyber Crimes in India: Challenges and Legal Reform
Abstract
In the age of digital advancement India's e-governance, e-businesses, and social activities continue to become more digitalized and with this digitalization new and emerging forms of cybercrime also have evolved which attacks on the personal computer system and breaches the data of the individual. The use of the Internet and e-commerce has increased rapidly around the globe. A large number of nations, particularly those categorized as developing nations, are making significant investments in the creation and improvement of IT infrastructure, guaranteeing a strong telecommunications infrastructure, and promoting the use of the Internet and cyberspace in business, government, and various communities. The widespread usage of ICTs has caused cyber activities to grow quickly all across the world. Information and communication technology have revolutionized businesses, generated economic prosperity, and ensured contact between countries throughout the globe. This article explores how India tackles cybercrime. It covers the main laws like the Information Technology Act, 2000, the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023, and the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 that shape the country’s view regarding the protection of the personal data.. India’s set up these rules to keep people safe online. The article also looks at what institutions are doing to help such as the National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal. This portal is a place where people can report cybercrime. The government is also helping by setting up labs to investigate cybercrime, at both the central and state levels. These labs are called forensic infrastructure and they help the government understand and examine the digital evidences to solve cybercrime cases easily.
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Author(s):
Dr. Seema R., Dr. Sagnika Sahoo.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
254-265 |
Reflective Learning as a Tool for Professional Development in Teacher Education
Abstract
The transformative vision of NEP 2020 in developing critical thinking, creativity, innovative pedagogies, and professional development of teachers is very closely aligned with the philosophy of reflective learning. Reflective learning involves the process of thinking and analysing one’s own learning experience for continuous improvement in the future. Reflective learning moves beyond rote or procedural engagement, fostering an adaptive mindset that is responsive to dynamic classroom realities and diverse learner needs. It equips teachers with the ability to question their own pedagogical choices, integrate feedback constructively, and adapt to evolving educational contexts. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are: i) To explore the influence of reflective learning practices on critical thinking, self-awareness, and professional growth among pre-service teachers focussing on Gibbs’ Reflective Cycle, and ii) To analyse the role of post-teaching reflection in developing reflective thinking and professional competencies in pre-service teacher education. It is a qualitative research where the case study research design has been followed, and data has been collected qualitatively from 125 pre-service B.Ed students for in-depth analysis, for which written reflections, classroom discussions, and observational records have been analysed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings show that structured reflective learning has significantly enhanced critical self-examination, empathy, creativity, professional awareness, and life skills such as problem-solving, decision-making, and resilience among the pre-service teachers. Aligned with the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the study recommends that reflective learning should be an integral part of teacher education because it is vital pedagogical tool for cultivating reflective, adaptive, and professionally competent teachers.
Key words: Critical thinking, Creativity, Reflective learning, Professional development
| 27 |
Author(s):
Dr. Thounaojam Lalitkanta Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Performing Arts
Page No:
266-273 |
The Relations Between Manipuri Pung Cholom and Thang-Ta
Abstract
The kind of somersault of an artiste of Pung while he is beating or playing the Pung as he wears or adorned with particular decorated apparels or costumes in proper physical positions, movement of the feet and the hands, glances of the eyes and body curvatures is called as the Pung Cholom.
As overview regarding the Thang-Ta and the Pung Cholom, the Thang-Ta has been existing since pre-historic period in human history. On the other hand, the Pung Cholom is an art form developed during the later period covered by history. It is to be noted that the native elements have always been the parts and parcels in developing an art form. So, it will not be an exaggeration so to say that some elements of Thang-Ta have been borrowed in the composition of Pung Cholom of the Nata Sankritan. To observe realistically, the actions of a child at the time of its birth out of the womb of its mother-such as crying Hanga Hanga, Kicking its feet, quivering its hands, etc. are the art forms of the Thang-Ta. Further more, we gather food to appease hunger, to promote health and to like dong lives. The modes of obtaining food are also modes of Thang-Ta. Afterwards we enjoy systematically ourselves by performing various art forms like of dances, etc., the modes of which are mainly borrowed from the fine techniques of Thang-Ta, the sword and the spear. Literally spea-king, Shajat-Shanom, Phirep-phibam, Khonglon-Khutlon, Mityeng-Nayeng, etc. of the Pung Cholom are the prototypical imitations from Thang-Ta.
Key word: Pung, Cholom, Thang-Ta, Phivam, Phirep, Jagoi.
| 28 |
Author(s):
Deepak Kumar, Vikash Tamta.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
274-286 |
Decline of Animal Husbandry in Uttarakhand: A Study of Socio-Economic and Policy Determinants
Abstract
Historically, animal husbandry has been one of the core practices of the mountain economy of Uttarakhand, which supports rural lives based on an integrated mixed farming, cultural, and ecological art. The past few decades have however been characterized by a serious decline of the industry not only economically but also socially. This paper looks at the socio-economic and policy-based factors behind degradation of livestock livelihoods in Uttarakhand. Relying on official data on the 20th Livestock Census (2019) and the Department of Animal Husbandry, Uttarakhand (2025), along with the domain-level analysis, the study discovers a paradox, as, in spite of the marginal increase in the production of milk, meat, and eggs, this sector has negatively affected the contribution to the Gross State Domestic Product, dropping to 2.14 - 2.62% between 2019- 20 and 2024. The most important factors are the outmigration, the change in the labour and gender relations, the profitability decline, the limitation of grazing lands, and insufficient infrastructure, veterinary and market facilities. The sector has been further marginalized by giving priority to the development of tourism and hydropower over animal farming. The paper argues that the fall is more socio-economic and even institutional in nature as opposed to ecological. It deals a blow resolute that animal husbandry in Uttarakhand requires the opinion of a multidimensional policy sculpture encompassing community grazing rights, improved veterinary services, localised dairy cooperatives and livestock solutions stressing the impacts of climate change. These measures may restore animal husbandry as a practical and respectable source of livelihood among the communities living in the mountains and consequently improving on food security and ecological sustainability.Keywords: Uttarakhand, Animal Husbandry, Animal Farming, Rural Livelihoods, Socio-economic Change, Mountain Economy, Sustainable Development, Livestock Economy, Climate Resilient Livelihoods.
| 29 |
Author(s):
Kenneth Coll, Roger Stewart, Jessica S. Gutheil, Lexa Day, Sibela Osmanovic , Stacey Scholl, Nicole Hauser.
Country:
United States
Research Area:
Psychology
Page No:
287-297 |
Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Common Issues Entering Therapeutic Residential Care (TRC)
Abstract
This study focused on youth in therapeutic residential care (TRC). It explored the relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and common characteristics youth bring with them upon entering residential care. The characteristics explored included the type of referring agency, presence of an individualized education program (IEP), previous suicidal behaviors, history with Child Protective Services (CPS), and prior psychiatric hospitalization. Researchers assessed clinical data records of 139 youth from two therapeutic residential care centers in the Rocky Mountain Region of the US and analyzed associations between ACEs and the characteristics using nonparametric tests.
Perhaps not surprisingly, ACEs results indicated that youth entering TRC reported much higher levels of abuse, neglect, home environment disruption, and overall ACEs scores than the national average. Important for treatment planning and intervention, patterns showed that emotional and physical neglect appear to be the discriminating ACEs variables for increased risk for suicidal behavior, CPS, and psychiatric hospitalizations. In addition, youth referred by mental health providers showed significantly higher ACEs than those referred by juvenile justice. Youth entering the TRCs without an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) showed significantly higher ACEs than those entering with an IEP.
| 30 |
Author(s):
Manoj Joseph, Dr. Hardev Kaur.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
298-310 |
Impact of Missionary Activities on Indian Communities
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of the transformative influence exerted by missionary engagements on the development of modern Indian society. Focusing on the period from the early 18th to the 20th century, it argues that missionary activities acted as a significant catalyst for social and institutional modernization across multiple, interconnected domains. The investigation begins by examining the scholarly contributions in the field of Indology. It details how missionaries undertook the systematic study and codification of Indian languages and philosophical texts. This work involved creating foundational grammars, dictionaries, and translations of Sanskrit and vernacular literatures, which not only preserved linguistic heritage but also facilitated a structured, academic dialogue between Indian and European intellectual traditions.
The article highlights their pivotal role in redefining education as an instrument of social equity rather than hereditary privilege. This is evidenced by the establishment of pioneering educational institutions for girls and for communities historically excluded from formal learning. These efforts supported the emergence of early Indian feminists and social reformers. Furthermore, missionary advocacy was instrumental in mobilizing support for legal and social campaigns aimed at altering restrictive customs and promoting a new normative framework for women’s rights and public health. Their ethos of organized charity led to the creation of nationwide networks of medical centres, care homes, and dispensaries, instituting a model of institutionalized welfare. Within the Political and Technological sphere, the study explores the unintended consequences of missionary work. While often aligned with colonial structures, the introduction of Western pedagogical models, the English language, and, critically, the printing press, supplied key tools for a burgeoning Indian public sphere. The proliferation of printed material from religious tracts to grammars and early journals stimulated vernacular prose and fostered new forms of civic discourse and collective identity.
| 31 |
Author(s):
Hafizur Rahman, Arunava Bayan, Ruhul Amin, Marzina Ahmed, Sabnam Khatun.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
311-322 |
Self-Help Groups as Instruments of Women’s Economic Empowerment in the Rural Assam
Abstract
Economic empowerment of women has been declared as an urgent issue in the modern development agenda especially in areas characterized by structural vulnerability, gender inequality and poor livelihood opportunities. Assam, whose economy is mainly rural, where natural disasters are frequent, and regional inequalities are great, offers a great opportunity to look into community-based policy on empowerment of women. Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are among them as being used with the purpose of improving access of women to income-generating activities, financial services, and collective agency. The present study lies in the analysis of SHG-led women as economic empowerment in Assam through secondary data derived in peer-reviewed journal articles, doctorate theses, institutional reports and policy documents. The paper discusses how SHGs contribute to income generation, savings behaviour, credit access and financial inclusion; evaluates the advancement and success of SHG initiatives in the state; and considers the major challenges as well as policy implications. This analysis has shown that SHGs have impacted positively on enhancing the economic participation, financial discipline and involvement of women in formal financial institutions, which has empowered the economical decision making at household level. Nevertheless, the study also concludes that the results of empowerment are still unequal because of some limitations, including the inability to integrate with the market, insufficiency of the financial and managerial capabilities, geographical and infrastructural differences, institutional inefficiency, and susceptibility to the ecological and economic volatility, especially in flood-prone regions. The argument put forward in the paper is that even though SHGs have already created a good base towards economic empowerment of women in Assam, their transformative capabilities rest on the need to move past credit-based interventions towards a comprehensive policy framework that focuses on capacity building, diversification of livelihoods, market connectivity and institutional convergence. Such a comprehensive strategy is important in strengthening SHGs in order to promote sustainable, inclusive, and gender-responsive development in Assam.Keywords: Self-Help Groups; Women Economic Empowerment; Rural Assam; Financial Inclusion; Rural Development; Policy Implication.
| 32 |
Author(s):
Sarnendu Rakshit.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
323-333 |
Digital Literacy as an Essential Teacher Competency
Abstract
In this 21st century education system Digital literacy is an essential component for digitalization of Education and professional competencies. Digital literacy includes teacher competency of classroom practices, student assessment and student learning outcome to professional development. Digital literacy cannot be misunderstood only as digital tool it also the inclusion of ethical awareness, critical thinking and pedagogical integration. This research paper mainly shed light on the importance of digital literacy as an essential skill for teachers along with its theoretical formation and conceptual base. Models like TPACK, DigCompEdu and UNESCO ICT Competency Framework are included to discuss how digital literacy creates efficacious and productive teaching practices during futuristic learning contexts. This study includes the main challenges related to insufficient professional development, regional disparities along with resistance to change attitudinal issues. Strategic recommendations for teacher preparation and professional development have beautifully knitted to deal with evolving ultimatum of digital system in education which is crucial for teacher education institutions and policy makers. The main findings of this study emphasize that effective digital literacy of teachers always helps to improve students’ learning outcomes, educational equity and teacher’s own professional growth. Digital literacy and digital transformation both are a part of systematic process where institutional support and supportive policy are indispensable.
| 33 |
Author(s):
Chaitali Halder.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
334-341 |
Mental Health Problems: Concept, Historical Overview, and Healing Process
Abstract
Worldwide, mental health problems appear to be more and more prevalent in individuals across all ages. The objective of this present study is to discuss the basic concepts and terminological differences of mental health, mental health problems, mental illness, and mental disorder. Moreover, the emergence of mental health problems and the associated treatment strategies from the ancient to the modern period have been addressed. This study further emphasizes references to significant voices across time and highlights how historical views gradually structured modern notions of mental health problems and their treatment procedures. To ensure the positive mental health and well-being of individuals, the support of the government, policymakers, and other stakeholders is also highly required.
Keywords: Mental health problems, mental illness, mental disorder, history, healing procedures
| 34 |
Author(s):
Tuan Minh Tran, Loc Nguyen, Long Phan.
Country:
Vietnam
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
342-353 |
Family Influences on High School Students’ Career Choices: A Literature Review
Abstract
This study conducts a systematic literature review to systematize and critically analyze theoretical models and key concepts related to family influences on high school students’ career choices. Motivated by persistent limitations in career guidance practices and the fragmented nature of research on family-related factors, a systematic literature review methodology was employed to synthesize reputable academic publications from 1996 onward. The review focused on eight key internal factors: personality, interests, ability perception, vocational values, self-awareness, self-efficacy, career goals, and life and learning experiences. The analysis confirmed the central and determining role of these factors in vocational identity and decision-making. Key findings highlight that the alignment between internal traits and occupational demands is critical for job satisfaction and commitment. Specifically, self-awareness acts as the crucial meta-factor regulating accurate self-assessment, while self-efficacy and career goals serve as powerful motivators for proactive exploration and persistence. This research contributes an integrated theoretical framework clarifying the complex interplay of these factors. The findings imply that career guidance must prioritize self-awareness development and self-efficacy enhancement, coupled with real-world experiences. This framework provides a solid scientific foundation for future empirical studies and the design of more effective intervention programs for high school students.
| 35 |
Author(s):
Dr. Souvik Dutta.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Philosophy
Page No:
354-360 |
Moral Culture as Educational Praxis: A Kantian Reappraisal
Abstract
Immanuel Kant’s (1724 – 1804) educational philosophy places moral culture at the very core of human development, viewing education not merely as the transmission of knowledge but as the cultivation of moral character and rational autonomy. This paper examines his conception of moral culture with special emphasis on the role of maxims, duty, truthfulness, sociability, and punishment in moral education. He argues that morality cannot be taught mechanically through rules or discipline alone; rather, it must be cultivated through the internalization of rational principles that guide volition. Central to this process is the formation of character, defined as the readiness to act according to self-adopted maxims grounded in reason. The study analyses Kant’s views on moral education as an ongoing process of self-reflection, habituation, and rational deliberation, highlighting the importance of autonomy, respect for humanity as an end in itself, and the categorical imperative as foundational moral principles. The paper also explores Kant’s nuanced account of discipline and punishment, distinguishing between moral and physical punishment, and emphasizing their corrective rather than retributive role. Ultimately, the paper argues that Kantian moral culture aims at the development of ethically responsible individuals capable of contributing to a just and harmonious society, and that these principles remain relevant for contemporary educational practices, including physical and moral education.
| 36 |
Author(s):
Dr. Seema R .
Country:
India
Research Area:
Education
Page No:
361-370 |
Metacognition in Teacher Education: Pedagogical Strategies for Professional Growth
Abstract
Rapid technological and societal changes demand an education system that prepares learners for uncertainty, adaptability, and lifelong learning. In alignment with the vision of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020, this paper emphasizes the role of teachers in fostering holistic learner development through metacognitive awareness. Adopting a qualitative, conceptual methodology based on systematic analysis of theoretical literature, empirical studies, and national policy documents, the study examines the relevance of metacognition in in-service teacher education. The paper highlights how metacognitive awareness enhances reflective practice, instructional decision-making, professional competencies, and ethical dispositions among teachers. It further proposes pedagogical strategies, including mindfulness-based and reflective practices, for integrating metacognition into teacher education programs. The study contributes a conceptual framework linking metacognitive processes with Bloom’s Taxonomy and professional values, and offers policy-relevant recommendations for embedding metacognitive training within teacher education curricula to improve the quality of the teaching–learning process.
| 37 |
Author(s):
Vishal Sharma, Bhushan Gautam.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
371-377 |
Samsaadhanii: A Comprehensive Platform for Sanskrit Computational Linguistics
Abstract
Samsaadhanii is not just for computer scientists; it has real-world uses across various fields. Scholars studying ancient texts often have to search through thousands of pages to find specific patterns. Samsaadhanii allows them to query a text. For example, a researcher could ask, Show me every time the word Dharma is used as an object in the Mahabharata. This type of analysis was impossible before digital tools.
For students learning Sanskrit, the platform acts as a 24/7 tutor. If a student is stuck on a complex word in a textbook, they can type it into the analyzer. The tool will peel back the layers of grammar, explaining the root and the suffix. This builds confidence and speeds up the learning process.
Many Sanskrit manuscripts are deteriorating. By digitizing them and using Samsaadhanii to make them searchable, we preserve the contents for eternity. The platform aids in creating E-Readers where a user can click on any word in a digital book to see its meaning.
| 38 |
Author(s):
Dr. Mirza Md. Sabbir.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
378-387 |
Tribal Society and Scientific Temper in Post-Independence India
Abstract
Tribal society and the generation of scientific temper in post-independence India takes a decisive place in the overall discussion of social transformation, education and inclusive development. The available literature emphasises the fact that tribal communities, which were historically defined by cultural autonomy, ecological knowledge systems and marginalisation by colonial powers, were faced with a completely changed socio-political landscape following independence. The key issue emerged from the studied literature is unequal application of scientific temper, which is seen as rational inquiry, critical thinking, and potential opposition to superstition, to the tribal social organisation in cases of state-driven development and educational intervention. The literature reviewed is largely analytical and literature based and is based on sociological, anthropological, educational, and policy-based research. All these works indicate that as much as constitutional protection, education growth and developmental programmes were aimed at fostering modern scientific perspectives, they have been limited by structural inequalities, lack of proper implementation, cultural discontinuities, and entrenched social exclusion. Tribal knowledge systems were often positioned in opposition to scientific rationality rather than recognised as complementary, thereby restricting the organic development of scientific temper. Education has become a prevailing factor but inequity in access, quality and relevance still determines outcome. The review of literature indicates that scientific temper among tribal society needs culturally sensitive educational practises and developmental policies that do not ignore the indigenous epistemologies but allow rational and critical interaction with the modern science.
| 39 |
Author(s):
Pankaj Yadav.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Work
Page No:
388-395 |
Scope and Challenges of the Social Work Profession in India
Abstract
Abstract: Social work in India is a growing profession addressing diverse social needs. Over the past century, formal social work education and practice have expanded from the first programme at the Tata Institute of Social Sciences in 1936 to hundreds of institutions today. This article reviews the historical evolution of social work in India, outlines the current scope of practice, and identifies key challenges that the field faces. Methodology: The study was a conceptual review were in the inclusion criteria were language (only English) and cut off year of publication that was 2020 onwards. Results and Discussion: The analysis focuses on the Indian context, highlighting government-led welfare programmes, non-governmental initiatives, and educational frameworks. Data from government surveys and academic studies indicate that over 100,000 students are enrolled in social work programmes and more than half a million social workers are active in sectors ranging from child welfare to health and corporate CSR. However, obstacles include lack of regulatory standardization, uneven educational quality, resource constraints, and socio-cultural barriers. Examples from practice and emerging trends (such as COVID-19 relief efforts) illustrate both progress and limitations. Conclusion: The paper concludes with recommendations for strengthening regulation, curriculum, and professional recognition to better align social work’s potential with India’s development goals.
| 40 |
Author(s):
Deepanshu Singh.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Work
Page No:
396-401 |
Navigating the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Child Development: A Silent Epidemic in India
Abstract
Abstract: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) represent a critical public health challenge in India, where a vast child population faces multifaceted traumas that disrupt developmental trajectories. This article examines the prevalence, mechanisms, and long-term consequences of ACEs within India's socio-cultural context, drawing on empirical data from national surveys and localised studies. Beginning with an empathic framing from the child's viewpoint, it defines ACEs, elucidates their neurobiological and psychosocial impacts on development, and highlights enduring effects on mental health, physical well-being, and socioeconomic outcomes. Unique challenges, including cultural sigma, policy gaps, and resource constraints, are analysed alongside evidence-based strategies for prevention, intervention, and policy reform. Synthesising insights from sources such as the National Family Health Survey (NFHS5) and UNICEF reports, the discussion underscores the need for culturally adapted approaches to mitigate this silent epidemic. By addressing ACEs proactively, India can foster resilient child development and advance national goals for equity and prosperity. This analysis contributes to the growing discourse on childhood trauma in low- and middle-income countries, advocating for integrated public health responses.
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Author(s):
Tarun Kumar Bhatt, Manisha Singh Rajput.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
402-414 |
Rivers of the Empire: Development of Riverine Timber Transport Infrastructure in Colonial Uttarakhand with Special Reference to the Dakpathar Boom
Abstract
This study examines the evolution of riverine timber transport infrastructure in colonial Uttarakhand, with a specific focus on the construction and operation of the Dakpathar boom on the Yamuna River in Dehradun District. This dissertation examines the emergence of river transport as a strategic and economic solution to the topographical challenges and inadequate road networks within the context of colonial forestry in the Himalayan region. In light of the income Wilson garnered from the timber trade, the Forest Department initiated systematic forest exploitation in Uttarakhand. This study investigates British engineering proficiency, encompassing the complexities of boom building, the analysis of regional terrain, and the Himalayan rivers, as well as their capacity to adapt to local conditions.
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Author(s):
Manu M.
Country:
India
Research Area:
History
Page No:
415-421 |
The Politics of Sovereignty and Commodity Control in Eighteenth-Century Travancore: Marthanda Varma and Pepper Diplomacy
Abstract
The politics and economy of Kerala saw significant transformations in the 1700s. This was notably true when Marthanda Varma (r. 1729–1758) started Travancore. Historians have primarily concentrated on his military triumphs, particularly the Battle of Colachel. This paper contends that his enduring success was predicated on a strategic methodology in pepper diplomacy. Marthanda Varma turned pepper from a simple crop into a tool for diplomacy, making money, and running the country by controlling its production, changing trade patterns, and fighting European monopolies. This thesis situates Travancore's pepper diplomacy within the framework of early modern global trade, examines its impact on Dutch dominance along the Malabar Coast, and asserts that economic statecraft, rather than military success, formed the foundation of Travancore's political unity. The work enhances the historiography of South India and the Indian Ocean by demonstrating the resilience of local economies against European corporate imperialism. "Pepper diplomacy" is when a government uses its power over growing, pricing, distributing, and trading pepper to gain more political and diplomatic power. By controlling the pepper trade in his kingdom, rewriting contracts with Europeans, and only working with certain foreign companies, Marthanda Varma changed the way business and the monarchy worked in Kerala. The Malabar Coast, Travancore, Marthanda Varma, the Dutch East India Company, economic diplomacy, building the state, and the pepper trade are all things that come to mind.
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Author(s):
Dr. Sadhna Maurya Assistant Professor.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sociology
Page No:
422-429 |
From Savings to Social Agency: Examining the Role of Self-Help Groups in Enhancing Rural Women’s Empowerment
Abstract
Self-Help Groups (SHGs) have become a key instrument in India’s rural development and women’s empowerment initiatives, particularly under the National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). While existing research largely emphasizes their role in financial inclusion, less attention has been paid to the extent to which economic participation translates into broader social agency, especially in traditionally patriarchal rural contexts. This study examines the role of SHGs in enhancing rural women’s empowerment in Varanasi district, Uttar Pradesh, a region marked by strong caste hierarchies, gender norms, and informal livelihoods. Grounded in feminist empowerment theory and the concept of social capital, the study conceptualizes empowerment as a multidimensional process encompassing economic resources, agency, and social outcomes. Using a qualitative-dominant mixed-methods approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and case studies of SHG members from selected rural blocks of Varanasi. The analysis focuses on changes in women’s financial practices, intra-household decision-making, mobility, self-confidence, and participation in community life. The findings indicate that SHGs have improved access to savings, credit, and collective support networks, contributing to enhanced confidence and limited increases in decision-making power. However, the transformation of economic participation into substantive social agency remains uneven and is mediated by caste, education, family support, and local power relations. The study argues that SHGs function as ambivalent spaces of empowerment, enabling agency while simultaneously reproducing structural constraints, highlighting the need for context-sensitive and gender-transformative rural development policies.
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Author(s):
बिक्रम बाद्यकर, लिंकन शरणीया.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
430-438 |
महाकवि भर्तृहरिकृत शृङ्गारशतक में स्त्री-स्वरूप विमर्श
Abstract
महाकवि भर्तृहरि कृत “शृंगारशतक” संस्कृत साहित्य की शतककाव्य परंपरा में विशिष्ट है तथा कामशास्त्रीय और दार्शनिक दृष्टि से अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण काव्य है। इस ग्रंथ में कवि ने स्त्री के विविध रूपों — सौंदर्य, प्रेम, करुणा, आकर्षण, छल, और वैराग्य का गहन और यथार्थ चित्रण किया है। भर्तृहरि ने स्त्री को केवल भोग या पूजन की वस्तु नहीं माना, बल्कि उसे सृष्टि की रहस्यमयी, चेतन और प्रभावशाली शक्ति के रूप में देखा है। उनके अनुसार, स्त्री जैसे स्वर्ग का द्वार है, वैसे ही नरक का भी; जैसे अमृत है, वैसे ही विष भी। भर्तृहरि का मत है कि जब पुरुष कामभावना से ऊपर उठकर स्त्री को मनुष्य और चेतना के रूप में समझेगा, तभी समाज में संतुलन और समरसता संभव होगी। उन्होंने वेश्याओं के उदाहरण द्वारा यह स्पष्ट किया कि देह का आकर्षण क्षणभंगुर है और उसका परिणाम अंततः मोह-भंग और विषाद में होता है। प्रस्तुत शोधपत्र में भर्तृहरि द्वारा ‘शृंगारशतक’ में प्रतिपादित स्त्री-स्वरूप, उसके द्वंद्वात्मक चरित्र, और पुरुष के प्रति उसकी सामाजिक-आध्यात्मिक भूमिका पर विचार किया जाएगा। इस प्रकार यह अध्ययन केवल शृंगार के रस का विश्लेषण नहीं, बल्कि जीवन-दर्शन, विवेक और मानवीय संबंधों की गहराई का भी अनुसंधान है।
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Author(s):
Neevia Thalyari.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Social Science
Page No:
439-454 |
Rethinking Balance: A Comprehensive Systematic Review on Green Work-Life Balance
Abstract
In today’s rapidly evolving world, where environmental sustainability and employee well-being are gaining increasing significance, the concept of Green Work-Life Balance (GWLB) has emerged as a crucial area of study. This systematic review examines how sustainability initiatives—such as eco-friendly workplace policies, green commuting, and remote work—intersect with work-life balance practices to create healthier, more fulfilling work environments. Green practices are shown to not only reduce ecological footprints but also enhance employee satisfaction, minimize burnout, and boost productivity. However, integrating these practices poses challenges, including organizational resistance, inadequate infrastructure, and the need for adaptive policies. By synthesizing research across disciplines, the review offers practical insights for businesses, policymakers, and scholars aiming to develop balanced and sustainable workplace frameworks, highlighting the importance of aligning environmental responsibility with employee well-being for organizational and planetary success.
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Author(s):
Bhushan gautam, Pro. Brihaspati Mishra.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Sanskrit
Page No:
455-460 |
संस्कृतपत्रकारितायाः कालक्रमेण विकासः
Abstract
अस्य शोधप्रबन्धस्य मुख्यविषयः संस्कृतपत्रकारितायाः उद्भवः, विकासः, ऐतिहासिकपरम्परा च अस्ति। आदयोः शब्द-अर्थयोः दार्शनिकाधारः निरूपितः, यतः शब्दः एव अर्थस्य अभिव्यक्तिमाध्यमं भवति। वैदिकदृष्ट्या “शब्दब्रह्म” इति संकल्पना पत्रकारितायाः दार्शनिकमूलं प्रकाशयति। वेदेषु “दूत” संज्ञा, सभा-समिती-व्यवस्था, राजदूतप्रणाली च संचारव्यवस्थायाः प्राचीनरूपत्वेन विवृता। पुराणेषु विशेषतः नारदमुनेः संवादपरम्परा पत्रकारितायाः आद्यरूपेण निरूपिता। प्राक्-स्वातन्त्र्यकाले संस्कृतपत्रकारितायाः संगठितरूपेण आरम्भः अभवत् ।अनन्तरं स्वतन्त्रकालात् अनन्तरं कथं पत्रकारितायाः विकासः जातः तस्य विषये विस्तृतं वर्णनं वर्तते , एवञ्च आधुनिकसंस्कृतपत्रकारितायाः विषये ज्ञानं भविष्यति ।
| 47 |
Author(s):
DIVYADHARSHINI S, AMALA V L.
Country:
India
Research Area:
Economics
Page No:
461-477 |
Industrial Growth and Wage Distribution in Tamil Nadu: A Study of Sectors, Skills, And Regions
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigates the dynamics of wage distribution across different sectors, skill categories, and regions in Tamil Nadu, with a specific focus on the relationship between industrial growth and wage patterns. Over the past few decades, Tamil Nadu has experienced significant industrial expansion, emerging as one of India’s most industrialized states. However, the extent to which this growth has translated into equitable wage outcomes remains underexplored. By employing survey data and secondary sources, along with statistical and econometric techniques, this research seeks to measure wage inequality, examine the determinants of wage variation, and assess how sectoral development, skill demand, and regional disparities influence wage structures. The findings aim to provide insights for policymakers, industry stakeholders, and researchers on designing inclusive growth strategies and targeted labour policies.
